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Over the past few decades, the investigation of the dynamics of the charge
excitation spectrum acquired a lot of importance in order to obtain relevant
information about the nature of several ground states, which are of interest in
the ongoing solid state physics research. The investigation of the optical response
can be considered as complementary and alternative to other methods (like, e.g.,
transport and thermodynamic as well as photoemission techniques). Nowadays, it is
possible to study a very broad spectral range of the excitation spectrum, and
various energy scales, which are essential for the full understanding of the
properties of the studied materials, can be identified.
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